Adelie Penguin
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Order: Sphenisciformes
Family: Spheniscidae

[Photo] Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). on Antarctica's Petermann Island. Photo taken by Stan Shebs (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stan_Shebs).

Copyright (C) 2004 Stan Shebs Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

The Ad??lie Penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, is a type of penguin common along the entire Antarctic coast and nearby islands. Aside from the storm petrel, they are the most southerly distributed of all seabirds. In 1830, French explorer Dumont d'Urville named them for his wife, Ad??lie.

Distribution
There are 38 colonies of Adelie penguins, and there are over 5 million Adelies in the Ross Sea Region.

Ross Island supports a colony of approximately half a million Ad??lie penguins.

Appearance
These penguins are about 30 to 50 cm in length and 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in weight. Distinctive marks are the white ring surrounding the eye and the feathers at the base of the bill. These long feathers hide most of the red bill. The tail is a little bit longer than other penguins' tails.

Reproduction
Ad??lie Penguins arrive at their breeding grounds in October. Their nests consist of stones piled together. Sometimes the competition for breeding sites gets so fierce that mothers will steal stones from neighbors' nests. The males summon the females with a low guttural noise followed by a loud cry. A female typically lays two eggs which are brown or green in color. In December, the warmest month in Antarctica (about -2°C), the parents take turns incubating the egg; one goes to feed and the other stays to warm the egg. The parent who is incubating does not eat. In March, the adults and their young return to the sea.

Diet
Although winter data is lacking, the Ad??lie penguin is known to feed mainly on Antarctic krill during the chick-rearing season, supplemented by Antarctic silverfish and glacial squid. The stable isotope record of fossil eggshell accumulated in colonies over the last 38,000 years reveals a sudden change from a fish-based diet to krill that started two hundred years ago. This is most likely due to the decline of the Antarctic fur seal since the late 1700s and baleen whales in the twentieth century. The reduction of competition from these predators has resulted in a surplus of krill, which the penguins now exploit as an easier source of food.

In popular culture
Though the mascot of the Linux kernel Tux does not represent a single species of penguin, some believe that he resembles the likeness of an Adelie Penguin.
The 1938 children's book Mr. Popper's Penguins revolves around the story of twelve Ad??lie penguins.
The 1971 film Mr Forbush and The Penguins (Mr Forbush and The Penguins at the Internet Movie Database) follows John Hurt's character as he spends 6 months observing (and becoming attached to) a colony of Adelie penguins.
The 1988 children's film The Adventures of Scamper the Penguin featured Ad??lie Penguins.
The 1995 film The Pebble and the Penguin was based on Ad??lie courtship behavior wherein the birds build nests of pebbles to attract mates.
The 1999 film Never Been Kissed the main character, Josie, makes a reference to the penguin's lifestyle.
The 2005 film Madagascar the Madagascar Penguins featured are presumed to be Adelie Penguins.
The 2006 Film Happy Feet the main character Mumble, an Emperor Penguin, befriends a group of Cuban-accented Ad??lie penguins.
In the webcomic Wally & Osborne, Osborne is an Adelie penguin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelie_Penguin

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