Old World monkey
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[Photo] Primates - Old World monkey: 1. Mandrillus sphinx 2. Mandrillus leucocephaeus 3. Macaca fascicularis 4. Papio hamadryas 5. Macaca sylvana

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. From the point of view of superficial appearance, they are unlike apes in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile. Technically, the distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the nose, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition. In platyrrhines the nose faces sideways and in catarrhines the nose faces downwards. Other distinctions include both a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not twelve, premolars in catarrhines.

Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. The colobus monkeys have a stub for a thumb to assist with their arboreal movement; the Proboscis Monkey has an extraordinary nose while the snub-nosed monkeys have almost no nose at all; the penis of the male Mandrill is colored red and the scrotum has a lilac color, while the face also has bright coloration like the genitalia and this develops in only the dominant male of a multi-male group.

The Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia today, but are also known from Europe in the fossil record. They include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates such as baboons and macaques.

Classification
Two subfamilies are recognised, the Cercopithecinae, which are mainly African but include the diverse genus of macaques which are Asian and North African, and the Colobinae, which includes most of the Asian genera but also the African colobus monkeys.

Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Subfamily Cercopithecinae
Tribe Cercopithecini
Genus Allenopithecus
Allen's Swamp Monkey, Allenopithecus nigroviridis
Genus Miopithecus
Angolan Talapoin, Miopithecus talapoin
Gabon Talapoin, Miopithecus ogouensis
Genus Erythrocebus
Patas Monkey, Erythrocebus patas
Genus Chlorocebus
Green Monkey, Chlorocebus sabaeus
Grivet, Chlorocebus aethiops
Bale Mountains Vervet, Chlorocebus djamdjamensis
Tantalus Monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus
Vervet Monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus
Malbrouck, Chlorocebus cynosuros
Genus Cercopithecus
Dryas Monkey or Salongo Monkey, Cercopithecus dryas
Diana Monkey, Cercopithecus diana
Roloway Monkey, Cercopithecus roloway
Greater Spot-nosed Monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans
Blue Monkey, Cercopithecus mitis
Silver Monkey, Cercopithecus doggetti
Golden Monkey, Cercopithecus kandti
Sykes's Monkey, Cercopithecus albogularis
Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus mona
Campbell's Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus campbelli
Lowe's Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus lowei
Crested Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus pogonias
Wolf's Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus wolfi
Dent's Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus denti
Lesser Spot-nosed Monkey, Cercopithecus petaurista
White-throated Guenon, Cercopithecus erythrogaster
Sclater's Guenon, Cercopithecus sclateri
Red-eared Guenon, Cercopithecus erythrotis
Moustached Guenon, Cercopithecus cephus
Red-tailed Monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius
L'Hoest's Monkey, Cercopithecus lhoesti
Preuss's Monkey, Cercopithecus preussi
Sun-tailed Monkey, Cercopithecus solatus
Hamlyn's Monkey or Owl-faced Monkey, Cercopithecus hamlyni
De Brazza's Monkey, Cercopithecus neglectus
Tribe Papionini
Genus Macaca
Barbary Macaque, Macaca sylvanus
Lion-tailed Macaque, Macaca silenus
Southern Pig-tailed Macaque or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina
Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Macaca leonina
Pagai Island Macaque or Bokkoi, Macaca pagensis
Siberut Macaque, Macaca siberu
Moor Macaque, Macaca maura
Booted Macaque, Macaca ochreata
Tonkean Macaque, Macaca tonkeana
Heck's Macaque, Macaca hecki
Gorontalo Macaque, Macaca nigriscens
Celebes Crested Macaque or Black "Ape", Macaca nigra
Crab-eating Macaque or Long-tailed Macaque or Kera, Macaca fascicularis
Stump-tailed Macaque or Bear Macaque, Macaca arctoides
Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta
Formosan Rock Macaque, Macaca cyclopis
Japanese Macaque, Macaca fuscata
Toque Macaque, Macaca sinica
Bonnet Macaque, Macaca radiata
Assam Macaque, Macaca assamensis
Tibetan Macaque or Milne-Edwards' Macaque, Macaca thibetana
Arunachal Macaque or Munzala, Macaca munzala
Genus Lophocebus
Gray-cheeked Mangabey, Lophocebus albigena
Lophocebus albigena albigena
Lophocebus albigena osmani
Lophocebus albigena johnstoni
Black Crested Mangabey, Lophocebus aterrimus
Opdenbosch's Mangabey, Lophocebus opdenboschi
Lophocebus ugandae
Genus Rungwecebus
Kipunji, Rungwecebus kipunji
Genus Papio
Hamadryas Baboon, Papio hamadryas
Guinea Baboon, Papio papio
Olive Baboon, Papio anubis
Yellow Baboon, Papio cynocephalus
Chacma Baboon, Papio ursinus
Genus Theropithecus
Gelada, Theropithecus gelada
Genus Cercocebus
Sooty Mangabey, Cercocebus atys
Cercocebus atys atys
Cercocebus atys lunulatus
Collared Mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus
Agile Mangabey, Cercocebus agilis
Golden-bellied Mangabey, Cercocebus chrysogaster
Tana River Mangabey, Cercocebus galeritus
Sanje Mangabey, Cercocebus sanjei
Genus Mandrillus
Mandrill, Mandrillus sphinx
Drill, Mandrillus leucophaeus
Subfamily Colobinae
African group
Genus Colobus
Black Colobus, Colobus satanas
Angola Colobus, Colobus angolensis
King Colobus, Colobus polykomos
Ursine Colobus, Colobus vellerosus
Mantled Guereza, Colobus guereza
Genus Piliocolobus
Western Red Colobus, Piliocolobus badius
Bay Red Colobus, Piliocolobus badius badius
Temminck's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus badius temminckii
Miss Waldrone's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus badius waldronae
Pennant's Colobus, Piliocolobus pennantii
Bioko Red Colobus, Piliocolobus pennantii pennantii
Niger Delta Red Colobus, Piliocolobus pennantii epieni
Bouvier's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus pennantii bouvieri
Preuss's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus preussi
Thollon's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus tholloni
Central African Red Colobus, Piliocolobus foai
Foa Red Colobus, Piliocolobus foai foai
Elliot's Red Colobus, Piliocolobus foai ellioti
Piliocolobus foai oustaleti
Piliocolobus foai semlikiensis
Lomami Red Colobus, Piliocolobus foai parmentierorum
Ugandan Red Colobus, Piliocolobus tephrosceles
Uzungwa Red Colobus, Piliocolobus gordonorum
Zanzibar Red Colobus, Piliocolobus kirkii
Tana River Red Colobus, Piliocolobus rufomitratus
Genus Procolobus
Olive Colobus, Procolobus verus
Langur (leaf monkey) group
Genus Semnopithecus
Nepal Gray Langur, Semnopithecus schistaceus
Kashmir Gray Langur, Semnopithecus ajax
Tarai Gray Langur, Semnopithecus hector
Northern Plains Gray Langur, Semnopithecus entellus
Black-footed Gray Langur, Semnopithecus hypoleucos
Southern Plains Gray Langur, Semnopithecus dussumieri
Tufted Gray Langur, Semnopithecus priam
Genus Trachypithecus
T. vetulus group
Purple-faced Langur, Trachypithecus vetulus
Nilgiri Langur, Trachypithecus johnii
T. cristatus group
Javan Lutung, Trachypithecus auratus
Silvery Lutung or Silvered Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus cristatus
Indochinese Lutung, Trachypithecus germaini
Tenasserim Lutung, Trachypithecus barbei
T. obscurus group
Dusky Leaf Monkey or Spectacled Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus
Phayre's Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus phayrei
T. pileatus group
Capped Langur, Trachypithecus pileatus
Shortridge's Langur, Trachypithecus shortridgei
Gee's Golden Langur, Trachypithecus geei
T. francoisi group
Francois' Langur, Trachypithecus francoisi
Hatinh Langur, Trachypithecus hatinhensis
White-headed Langur, Trachypithecus poliocephalus
Laotian Langur, Trachypithecus laotum
Delacour's Langur, Trachypithecus delacouri
Indochinese Black Langur, Trachypithecus ebenus
Genus Presbytis
Sumatran Surili, Presbytis melalophos
Banded Surili, Presbytis femoralis
Sarawak Surili, Presbytis chrysomelas
White-thighed Surili, Presbytis siamensis
White-fronted Surili, Presbytis frontata
Javan Surili, Presbytis comata
Thomas's Langur, Presbytis thomasi
Hose's Langur, Presbytis hosei
Maroon Leaf Monkey, Presbytis rubicunda
Mentawai Langur or Joja, Presbytis potenziani
Natuna Island Surili, Presbytis natunae
Odd-Nosed group
Genus Pygathrix
Red-shanked Douc, Pygathrix nemaeus
Black-shanked Douc, Pygathrix nigripes
Gray-shanked Douc, Pygathrix cinerea
Genus Rhinopithecus
Golden Snub-nosed Monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana
Black Snub-nosed Monkey, Rhinopithecus bieti
Gray Snub-nosed Monkey, Rhinopithecus brelichi
Tonkin Snub-nosed Langur, Rhinopithecus avunculus
Genus Nasalis
Proboscis Monkey, Nasalis larvatus
Genus Simias
Pig-tailed Langur, Simias concolor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_monkey

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