Bonneville cutthroat trout
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[Photo] Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah). Source: USFWS.

The Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah) is a subspecies of Cutthroat trout that once inhabited the Late Pleistocene-aged Lake Bonneville of Utah, eastern Nevada, and Southern Idaho (USA). Since the desiccation of Lake Bonneville into Great Salt Lake which is too salty for any kind of fish life, Bonneville Cutthroats have been isolated in smaller populations in the headwaters of mountain streams and in lakes of the Bonneville Drainage basin. The isolation has resulted in much phenotypic variation among populations. This species is one of 14 recognized subspecies of Cutthroat trout native to the western United States.

This fish has sparsely scattered, very distinct round spots over its upper body. They are clothed in subdued colors of silver-gray to charcoal, the upper body having subtle hues of pink on the flanks during spawning. These fish, particularly the Bear Lake strain, often lack the bright crimson jaw slash that, at times, may be yellow.

The difference between cutthroat trout and rainbow trout is that cutthroats have basibranchial (hyoid) teeth in their throat between the gill arches and behind the tongue. They also typically have longer heads and jaws than the rainbow and often can be distinguished from the rainbow by their larger spots.

Bonneville cutthroat trout primarily eat insects, but large individuals also eat other fish. They spawn near the mouths of streams over gravel substrate in the springtime, having an incubation period of 24 to 25 days.

The Bonneville cutthroat is known to be more vulnerable to anglers because of a general lack of wariness and can be caught on a wide variety of bait. As the only native salmonid of the inland west, cutthroat trout suffered intense fishing pressure for commerce and sustenance from the 1850s through the 1920s. At one time they were so numerous they were considered a nuisance, but today they are on the Utah Sensitive Species List. They are threatened by predation and competition by non-native fish, hybridization with non-native fish (in particular the rainbow trout) and loss of habitat.

The Bonneville cutthroat has recently been designated the official state fish of Utah. It was important to the Indians and the Mormon pioneers as a source of food. Most of the fish's current and historic range is in Utah, but they are also found in Idaho, Wyoming, and Nevada.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonneville_cutthroat_trout

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